Abstract
To ensure safety, reliability and efficiency, the transition to a hydrogen-based energy system necessitates rigorous evaluation of materials, components and systems. As an example, the parts of a valve are typically a mix of metals and non-metals, and for such an application, it is crucial to determine the weak links from a hydrogen suitability perspective. To enable this evaluation, we need to consider that several factors will define the weakest link, such as the ma terial properties, the parts of the component and the final operational conditions. The evaluation must also consider the synergistic action and interplay of hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms, permeation through assemblies, permissible leak rates, and local stress concentrations.
This evaluation is complex and arguably delays our attempt to standardise the test requirements for a green transition. The aim of this paper is to share FORCE Technology’s experience with the use of pressurised hydrogen gas as a test variable for materials and components, specifically focussing on leakage. The experience comes from (a) using a hydrogen gas blend in a piston prover, (b) pressure and leak testing of valves, and (c) using a high-pressure autoclave to determine the threshold stress intensity factor of metals (KIH). Our hope is that this dissemination will provide practical insights and contribute towards standardisation of laboratory test methods, which will then in turn speed up the adoption of green hydrogen as a key energy carrier.